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| ViTal VaccinaTion SerieS: anTibody TiTerS VerSuS VaccinaTion LINKS TO VACCINATION GUIDELINES • 2011AAHACanineVaccination Guidelines:aahanet.org/Publicdocuments/ canineVaccineGuidelines.pdf • 2006AmericanAssociationofFeline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report:catvets.com/uploads/PdF/2006 Vaccination Guidelines JaVMa.pdf • 2010WSAVAGuidelinesfortheVaccination ofDogsandCats:wsava.org/sites/default/files/ VaccinationGuidelines2010.pdf INTERPRETATION OF ANTIBODY TEST RESULTS The following interpretations apply to antibody test results for CAV-1*, CDV, CPV, and FPV, reported by a reputable diagnostic laboratory or obtained from an in-clinic test kit: 1. A positive antibody test result in an unvaccinated, but healthy dog or cat suggests prior exposure to and recovery from infection; the patient has protective immunity. 2. A positive antibody test result in a previously vaccinated dog or cat correlates well with protective immunity. 3. A negative antibody test result in a previously vaccinated dog or cat must be interpreted on the basis of age and prior vaccination history. • Negative test result in protected patient: Over time, antibody levels in a previously vaccinated adult dog or cat that is not revaccinated (or naturally exposed) may fall to negative levels. Memory cells (B-lymphocytes), however, can persist longer than antibody. Exposure to virulent virus is expected to rapidly boost the patient's antibody response and protect. • Negative test result in susceptible patient: A puppy or kitten that is antibody negative following administration of initial core vaccine series is considered susceptible to infection if exposed. These patients may be (genetic) non-responders (or low-responders) or received the vaccine during a period when interfering levels of MDA were present. n caV = canine adenovirus; cdV = canine distemper; cPV = canine parvovirus; doi = duration of immunity; FcV = feline calicivirus; FHV = feline herpesvirus; FaVn = fluorescent antibody virus neutralization; FPV = feline parvovirus (panleukopenia); Hi = hemagglutination inhibition; ig = immunoglobulin; Mda = maternally-derived antibody; Vn = virus neutralization Suggested Reading Greene CE, Levy J. Immunoprophylaxis. In Greene CE (ed): Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier-Saunders, 2012, pp 1163-1205. Greene CE, Vandevelde M. Canine distemper. In Greene CE (ed): Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier-Saunders, 2012, pp 25-42. Gill M, Srinivas J, Morozov I, et al. Three-year duration of immunity for canine distemper, adenovirus, and parvovirus after vaccination with a multivalent canine vaccine. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2004; 2(4):227-234. Schultz Rd, Conklin S. The immune system and vaccine challenges for the 21st century. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 1988; 20:5-18. 38 Today's Veterinary Practice May/June 2013 Richard B. Ford, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVIM & ACVPM (Hon), is Emeritus Professor of Medicine at North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. He is a retired Brigadier General from the USAF Reserve, where he was assigned to the Office of the Surgeon General at the Pentagon. Dr. Ford is also a past president of the NAVC Conference and continues his role as a member of the scientific program committee. His clinical interests are in the field of companion animal infectious disease; he is a prolific author and serves on both the AAHA Canine Vaccination Task Force and AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel. Dr. Ford received his DVM from Ohio State University and completed a small animal internal medicine residency at Michigan State University. He held a previous faculty position at Purdue University. Schultz Rd, Ford RB, Olsen J, Scott F. Titer testing and vaccination: A new look at traditional practices. Roundtable Discussion. Lenexa, Kansas: Veterinary Healthcare Communications, 2002, pp 1-16. Twark L, dodds wJ. Clinical use of serum parvovirus and distemper virus antibody titers for determining revaccination strategies in healthy dogs. JAVMA 2000; 217:1021-1024. waner T, Mazar S, Keren-Kornblatt E. Application of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of the immune status to canine parvovirus and distemper virus in adult dogs before revaccination. J Vet Diagn Invest 2006; 18(3):267-270. Tired of looking through stacks of books and journals to find what you need? Find the best veterinary clinical and practice development resources any time you need them! NeW! Advanced search & articles listed by system/discipline topic tvpjournal.com or todaysveterinarypractice.com