Today's Veterinary Practice

MAY-JUN 2014

Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.

Issue link: http://todaysveterinarypractice.epubxp.com/i/321264

Contents of this Issue

Navigation

Page 97 of 107

| Journal Club Today's Veterinary Practice May/June 2014 96 tvpjournal.com bG = blood glucose; DKa = diabetic ketoacidosis; DM = diabetes mellitus References 1. Little CJ, Gettinby G. Heart failure is com- mon in diabetic cats: Findings from a retrospective case-controlled study in first- opinion practice. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:17-25. 2. Kraus MS, Calvert CA, Jacobs GJ, et al. Fe- line diabetes mellitus: A retrospective mor- tality study of 55 cats (1982–1994). JAAHA 1997; 33:107-111. 3. Goossens MM, Nelson RW, Feldman EC, et al. Response to insulin treatment and survival in 104 cats with diabetes mellitus (1985–1995). J Vet Intern Med 1998; 12:1-6. gLargine insuLin for treatMent of naturaLLy oCCurring diabetes MeLLitus in dogs Hess RS, Drobatz KJ. JAVMA 2013; 243:1154-1161. Glargine insulin is a synthetic human insulin analog for use in humans with DM. Due to its slow, prolonged, and relatively constant release from the subcutaneous space, it produces a "peakless" bG curve. a bG curve without a nadir more closely approximates physiologic bG control, which makes it advantageous. The goal of this prospective study was to further understand and make recommendations for use of glargine in diabetic dogs. Ten dogs were enrolled, and received glargine insulin at 0.5 u/kg sC Q 12 H, along with a prescription diet high in insoluble fiber and complex carbohydrates. Serial bG curves were performed at 4 subsequent rechecks at 1 to 3 week intervals. adjustments in glargine doses were made based on bG curves and clinical signs reported by the owners. study results • The mean minimum and maximum bG measurements recorded during the study (181 ± 115 mg/dl and 238 ± 114 mg/dl, respectively) were not statistically different. • When DM was well regulated in dogs, mean insulin dos- age was 0.5 ± 0.15 u/kg sC Q 12 H. • at various points in the study, mild hypoglycemia (bG, 60–79 mg/dl) or severe hypoglycemia (bG < 60 mg/dl) was noted in 7/10 (70%) dogs. • While in hospital, none of the dogs with hypoglycemia developed clinical signs associated with the condition. However, 2/7 dogs with documented hypoglycemia devel- oped seizures at home during the study's course. In 1 of these 2 dogs, prosencephalic disease was suspected. Conclusions • These results suggest that: 1. Glargine insulin is an effective insulin in dogs with naturally occurring DM 2. It induces a relatively peakless bG curve. • Hypoglycemia was the only adverse effect reported. • To avoid hypoglycemia, recommended starting dose of glargine insulin is 0.3 u/kg sC Q 12 H; however, in the majority of dogs, this dose will need to be increased. • larger studies are indicated to further validate these findings. —Hathaway Fiocchi, DVM, Small Animal Internal Medicine Resident, University of Pennsylvania 30. Maggs DJ, Nasisse MP, Kass PH. Efficacy of oral supplementation with L-lysine in cats latently infected with feline herpesvirus. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64:37-42. 31. Drazenovich TL, Fascetti AJ, Westermeyer HD, et al. Effects of dietary lysine supplementation on upper respiratory and ocular disease and detection of infectious organisms in cats within an animal shelter. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:1391-1400. 32. Mato JM, Lu SC. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in liver health and injury. Hepatol 2007; 45:1306-1312. 33. Sanderson S. Taurine and carnitine in dilated cardiomyopathy In Kirk CA,Bartges JW (eds): Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice—Dietary Management and Nutrition. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2006, pp 1325-1343. 34. Vandeweerd JM, Coisnon C, Clegg P, et al. Systematic review of efficacy of nutraceuticals to alleviate clinical signs of osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:448-456. 35. McCarthy G, O'Donovan J, Jones B, et al. Randomised double-blind, positive-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet J 2007; 174:54-61. 36. Moreau M, Dupuis J, Bonneau NH, et al. Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical, carprofen and meloxicam for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis. Vet Rec 2003; 152:323. 37. Dobenecker B, Beetz Y, Kienzle E. A placebo-controlled double- blind study on the effect of nutraceuticals (chondroitin sulfate and mussel extract) in dogs with joint diseases as perceived by their owners. J Nutrit 2002; 132:1690S-1691S. 38. Hosoya K, Murahari S, Laio A, et al. Biological activity of dihydroartemisinin in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:519-526. 39. Wirth KA, Kow K, Salute ME, et al. In vitro effects of Yunnan Baiyao on canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines. Submitted for publication. 40. Busta I, Xie HS, Kim MS. The use of Gui-Pi-Tang in small animals with immune-mediated blood disorders. J Vet Clin 2009; 26:181- 184. 41. Ravindran J, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin and cancer cells: How many ways can curry kill tumor cells selectively? Aaps J 2009; 11:495-510. 42. Hao K, Zhao XP, Liu XQ, et al. LC determination of curcumin in dog plasma for a pharmacokinetic study. Chromatographia 2006; 64:531-535. 43. Skorupski KA, Hammond GM, Irish AM, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy of Denamarin for prevention of CCNU-induced hepatopathy in tumor-bearing dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:838-845. 44. Giavasis I. Bioactive fungal polysaccharides as potential functional ingredients in food and nutraceuticals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 26C:162-173. 45. Brown DC, Reetz J. Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:384301. 46. Kelley RL, Minikhiem D, Kiely B, et al. Clinical benefits of probiotic canine-derived Bifidobacterium animalis strain AHC7 in dogs with acute idiopathic diarrhea. Vet Thera 2009; 10:121- 130. 47. Bybee SN, Scorza AV, Lappin MR. Effect of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on presence of diarrhea in cats and dogs housed in an animal shelter. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:856-860. 48. Weese JS, Martin H. Assessment of commercial probiotic bacterial contents and label accuracy. Canad Vet J 2011; 52:43- 46. 49. Viviano KR, Lavergne SN, Goodman L, et al. Glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbate concentrations in clinically ill dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:250-257. 50. Viviano KR, VanderWielen B. Effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on intracellular glutathione, urine isoprostanes, clinical score, and survival in hospitalized ill dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:250-258. 51. Zicker SC, Jewell DE, Joshi D, et al. Lipoic acid improves gsh:gssg ratio in dogs fed lipoic acid in dry dog food. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:772-772. 52. Milgram NW, Araujo JA, Hagen TM, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation of aged beagle dogs improves learning in two landmark discrimination tests. Faseb J 2007; 21:3756-3762. (References continued from page 84) | aCVn nuTrITIon noTES 2014-0506_JournalClub-DIabetes.indd 96 5/24/2014 11:02:39 AM

Articles in this issue

Links on this page

Archives of this issue

view archives of Today's Veterinary Practice - MAY-JUN 2014