Today's Veterinary Practice

SEP-OCT 2016

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tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 | T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice Ju V enile Or T h OP edic d i S ea S e in dO g S & c a TS Peer r eviewed 25 Appendicular dysostoses include amelia, hemimelia, dimelia, ectrodactyly, polydactyly, and syndactyly 2,3 ; the most commonly encountered conditions are summarized in Table 2. Hemimelia and dimelia can be seen in any appendicular location. 2,3 • Terminal hemimelia refers to a defect in which all or some of the bones distal to a certain point are missing. • Intercalary hemimelia refers to a condition in which the bones proximal and distal to the missing bone or bones are present. • Subdivisions of both intercalary and terminal hemimelia include transverse, or complete absence of Table 1. Axial Dysostoses Axial Dysostoses 4,5 AXIAL DYSOSTOSIS DEFECT GROSS APPEARANCE CLINICAL AFFECT BREED PREDISPOSITION Hemivertebra Failure of sclerotome formation Wedge-shaped, incomplete s pinal malangulation (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis) at level of the defect • Bulldogs ( e nglish and French), pugs, and Boston terriers • t horacic hemivertebra is inherited in g erman shorthair pointers Block vertebra Failure of vertebral segmentation, lack of adjoining disk space Fusion of adjacent vertebra v aries n one recognized Butterfly vertebra Midline cleft through the body "Butterfly" appearance v aries n one recognized Spina bifida Failure in fusion of dorsal laminae; may be present along with herniation of meninges and/or spinal cord Open bone defect in dorsal spinal column with (spina bifida aperta) or without (spina bifida occulta) soft tissue herniation v aries • Manx cats • Bulldogs ( e nglish and French), pugs, and Boston terriers Table 2. Appendicular Dysostoses 1-3 APPENDICULAR DYSOSTOSIS DEFECT TREATMENT PROGNOSIS Amelia a bsence of 1 or more limbs; frequently have concurrent life-threatening conditions p hysical rehabilitation, prostheses and/or carts g enerally poor if more than 1 limb affected; however, uncommon successes have occurred Hemimelia c om plete or partial absence of 1 or more bones v aries according to location and type of hemimelia v aries according to location and type of hemimelia Dimelia d uplication of entire, or part of, limb c onservative treatment or amputation of nonfunctional portion of limb g enerally good Ectrodactyly d igital cleft between metacarpal bones c onservative (splinting) or surgical (reconstruction or amputation) d ependent on degree of deformity and progression Polydactyly 1 or more extra digits Only in case of trauma or infection of extra digits; may include amputation of diseased digits g enerally good Syndactyly l ack of differentiation between 2 or more digits Weight-bearing digits can be surgically separated for symptomatic cases g enerally good

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