Today's Veterinary Practice

SEP-OCT 2016

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tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 | T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice Ju V enile Or T h OP edic d i S ea S e in dO g S & c a TS Peer r eviewed 27 of discomfort due to misuse or self-mutilation. Reconstruction is aimed at limb salvage through realignment and, frequently, arthrodesis. These surgeries include amputation, arthrodesis, or reconstruction, when possible. • Neutering is advised in conditions with known inheritance. Prognosis The prognosis for axial dysostoses is highly variable and depends on the degree of malformation, amount of neurologic compression, and degree and progression of secondary changes to both bone and soft tissue. See Table 2 for appendicular cases. Osteochondrodysplasias Overview Osteochondrodysplasias are a group of cartilage and bone disorders that occur due to defective endochondral or intramembranous ossification (Table 3). 1,3,6 The resultant defects manifest as slowed growth and small stature when compared with animals of the same breed and age. Such animals, often termed dwarfs, can exhibit proportionate or disproportionate growth. 3 The latter term refers to patients in which the limbs or trunk are relatively short or long. 1,4 Interestingly, some forms of osteochondrodysplasia can be intentional, which occurs with selective breeding of certain breeds to create a specific phenotypic appearance (eg, miniature dachshund). Strictly speaking, dwarfism refers to the condition by which unintentional defects occur. Signalment Numerous breeds have been reported with this condition; several are listed in Table 3. Diagnosis History (including familial) and physical examination (identifying concurrent congenital defects) in conjunction with radiography are generally sufficient for diagnosis of osteochondrodysplasia. The following is the minimum database for an animal with dwarfism: 3 • Nutritional history • Complete blood count • Serum biochemical profile • Urinalysis • Fecal analysis (parasites) • Radiography Table 3. Canine & Feline Osteochondrodysplasia 1,3 BREED TRAIT MODE OF INHERITANCE Akita a chondrogenesis u nknown Alaskan malamute c hondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Beagle c hondrodysplasia punctata u nknown Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Osteogenesis imperfecta Bulldog Osteochondrodysplasia u nknown Bull terrier Osteochondrodysplasia u nknown Cocker spaniel h ypochondrodysplasia u nknown Collie Osteogenesis imperfecta Dunker Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia u nknown Great Pyrenees c hondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Hygenhund Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia u nknown Irish setter h ypochondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Labrador retriever Oculoskeletal dysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Miniature poodle a chondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia u nknown p seudoachondrodysplasia u nknown Mixed-breed dog Mucopolysaccharidosis vii * s imple autosomal recessive Norwegian elkhound c hondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Plott Mucopolysaccharidosis i * s imple autosomal recessive Pointer e nchondrodystrophy h omozygous recessive Samoyed Oculoskeletal dysplasia without hematologic abnormalities s imple autosomal recessive Oculoskeletal dysplasia with hematologic abnormalities u nknown Scottish deerhound p seudoachondrodysplasia s imple autosomal recessive Scottish terrier a chondrodysplasia u nknown i diopathic multifocal osteopathy u nknown Shiba Inu s hort spine syndrome u nknown Domestic shorthair cat Mucopolysaccharidosis i * u nknown Siamese cat Mucopolysaccharidosis vi * s imple autosomal recessive * Genetic test available

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