Today's Veterinary Practice

SEP-OCT 2016

Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.

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T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice | September/October 2016 | tvpjournal.com i maging e SS en T ia LS Peer r eviewed 64 Acquired Abnormalities: Bladder Ruptured Urinary Bladder i n ruptured urinary bladder, small mural defects may not be seen and discontinuity of the wall may be falsely suspected due to echo dropout from a curved urinary bladder wall (Figure 6). a ruptured urinary bladder is best diagnosed using positive-contrast cystography and identifying contrast material within the peritoneum. 5 Cystic Calculi c ystic calculi appear as a variable-sized, spheric, and hyperechoic curvilinear interface with distal acoustic shadowing collecting in the dependent portion of the urinary bladder (Figure 7), but cystic calculi can adhere to a severely inflamed urinary bladder wall. i f the gas in the adjacent descending colon makes the cystic calculi difficult to detect, the patient can be scanned while standing, using the benefits of gravity to mobilize the calculi away from the dorsal urinary bladder wall. Blood Clots & Hematomas Blood clots may form secondary to trauma, bleeding disorders, infection, or neoplasia. They are commonly hyperechoic without distal acoustic shadowing (Figure 8), irregularly shaped, and often gravity dependent. 6,7 Cystitis c hronic cystitis causes urinary bladder wall thickening and mucosal surface irregularity that is Figure 8. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a mixed-breed dog. The bladder is distended with heterogeneous, echogenic, formed material consistent with a large blood clot. Figure 6. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a bichon frise with a moderate to severe amount of echogenic peritoneal effusion. There is a refraction artifact located in the cranial border of the urinary bladder (arrow). This is often confused with discontinuity of the urinary bladder wall. Figure 7. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. There are multiple hyperechoic, rounded structures ( arrows) with distal acoustic shadowing ( arrowheads) within the urinary bladder lumen. This is consistent with multiple cystic calculi. Figure 5. Short-axis transverse image of the urinary bladder in a Bedlington terrier. There is a thin-walled (arrowhead), well-defined, anechoic focus (asterisk) located immediately cranial to the urinary bladder containing a small, gravity-dependent calculus (arrow). This is consistent with urachal diverticulum.

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