Today's Veterinary Practice

SEP-OCT 2016

Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.

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tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 | T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice i maging e SS en T ia LS Peer r eviewed 65 most pronounced cranioventrally (Figure 9). Severe cystitis can be generalized. 8 Polypoid Cystitis Polypoid cystitis appears ultrasonographically as wall thickening and multiple small masses (usually located cranioventrally) that project into the urinary bladder lumen (Figure 10). Large polyps can appear pedunculated at their attachment site. 9,10 Emphysematous Cystitis g as-producing micro-organisms (eg, Escherichia coli, Aerobacter, Proteus, Clostridium ) accumulate within the urinary bladder wall, lumen, and ligaments. These micro-organisms ferment glucose, with gas as a by-product. a s a result, in patients with glucosuria secondary to diabetes mellitus, gas can be present in the urinary bladder wall. Ultrasonographically, the urinary bladder wall is irregularly marginated and hyperechoic, with acoustic shadowing and reverberation produced by the gas (Figure 11). 11,12 The position of the gas in the wall can help differentiate emphysematous cystitis from a normal colon containing gas within its lumen; in emphysematous cystitis the position of the gas does not change with the position of the patient. Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Transitional cell carcinoma (T cc ) is the most common neoplasm of the urinary bladder (Figure 12). i t is typically an irregular urinary bladder wall mass with a broad-based attachment projecting into the urinary bladder lumen in the trigone region. Figure 9. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a Scottish terrier. The cranioventral aspect of the bladder wall is focally thickened (arrowheads), consistent with chronic cystitis. Figure 10. Short-axis transverse image of the urinary bladder in a border collie. The urinary bladder mucosa is irregularly marginated and contains a pedunculated, echogenic structure extending into the lumen ( arrow). This is consistent with polypoid cystitis. Figure 11. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a r hodesian ridgeback with emphysematous cystitis. Throughout the urinary bladder wall, there is a hyperechoic interface (arrowheads) and a large amount of distal reverberation artifact (arrow). Figure 12. Long-axis sagittal image of the urinary bladder in a Maltese. There is a rounded, pedunculated mass extending from the wall and into the urinary bladder lumen ( arrow). Centrally, there are multifocal areas of hypoechogenicity ( arrowheads), presumed to be areas of necrosis. This dog was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma.

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