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tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 | T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice end OS c OP y e SS en T ia LS Peer r eviewed 77 Lower gastrointestinal (G i ) endoscopy is a mini- mally invasive diagnostic technique that allows the clinician to evaluate the mucosal surfaces of the rectum, colon, ileocolic sphincter, cecum, and distal small intestine (ileum). The first article in this series—Part 1: Overview of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (July/ a ugust 2016)—reviewed indications for lower G i endoscopy, appearance of the normal lower G i tract, and common diseases. This article discusses patient preparation, instrumentation, and instructions on performing lower G i endoscopy. PATIENT PREPARATION Colonic Lavage Thorough evaluation of the mucosal surfaces of the lower G i tract requires adequate patient preparation to remove feces from the colon (Figure 1). 1. Withhold food from the patient for 24 to 48 hours before colonoscopy. 2. a pproximately 12 hours prior to the procedure, place an orogastric or nasoesophageal ( ne ) tube for administration of the lavage solution; ne tubes are indicated in cats and any dogs that are intolerant of orogastric tubes. 3. a fter placement of the ne tube, take radio - graphs to confirm correct placement of the tube in order to avoid fatal aspiration. 4. Once placement is confirmed, administer a high- Lower Gastrointestinal e ndoscopy Series Part 2: Lower Gastrointestina L e ndosco P y t echniques Patrick S. Moyle, DVM, and Alex Gallagher, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVIM University of Florida Welcome to e ndoscopy e ssentials, a column that discusses endoscopic evaluation of specific body systems, reviewing indications, disease abnormalities, and proper endoscopic techniques. Visit tvpjournal.com to read the first four Endoscopy Essentials articles: • Overview of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (November/December 2014) • Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Techniques (March/April 2015) • Endoscopic Foreign Body Retrieval (November/December 2015) • Overview of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (July/August 2016). Figure 1. Colonoscopic images of 2 dogs demonstrating poor (A) and excellent (B) colon preparation. Poor colon preparation limits the ability to visualize the mucosal surface for lesions and the lumen for safe scope passage. A B