Today's Veterinary Practice

JUL-AUG 2012

Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.

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] '&-*/& 3)*/*5*4 611&3 3&41*3"503: %*4&"4& Nasal/Nasopharyngeal Tumors Nasal tumors are a less common cause of URT signs, although require consideration, especially in older cats. As with laryngeal tumors (see Laryngeal Disease), lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma should be considered. With the exception of lymphoma, these tumors tend to be locally invasive without distant metastases.16 Nasal Foreign Bodies Although less common in cats than dogs, cats may suffer from nasal foreign bodies, the majority of which are plant material lodged above the soft palate.16 Nasopharyngeal Stenosis oÀÌÕn>ÌilÞ]ÊÌhiÃÊiÃÊ>ÊÀ>ÀiÊVon`iÌion°Ê ÌÊV>nÊLiÊVon}iniÌ>lÊoÀÊ acquired secondary to chronic infection or aspiration. Laryngeal Disease >ÀÞn}i>lÊ`iÃi>ÃiÊ iÃÊ À>ÀilÞÊ Ài«oÀÌi`Ê inÊ V>ÌÃ]ÊLÕÌÊ >llÊ >}iÃÊ V>nÊLiÊ>vviVÌi`°Ê >ÀÞn}i>lÊ`iÃi>ÃiÊm>ÞÊLiÊinvl>mm>ÌoÀÞ]Ê neoplastic (benign or malignant), associated with trauma, or idiopathic. UÊ nvl>mm>ÌoÀÞÊ l>ÀÞn}i>lÊ`iÃi>ÃiÃÊ >ÀiÊ >ÊhiÌiÀo}inoÕÃÊ group of conditions, including diffuse neutrophilic or lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and inflammatory polyps.17 The etiology of laryngeal Table 1. URT Disease Clinical Signs Type of Sign Clinical Signs Local Signs r 4OFF[JOH BOE OBTBM DPOHFTUJPO SFTVMUJOH JO PQFO NPVUI CSFBUIJOH r 0DVMBS EJTDIBSHF XJUI QPUFOUJBMMZ NPSF TFWFSF PDVMBS TJHOT r /BTBM EJTDIBSHF VTVBMMZ CJMBUFSBM » 0GUFO TFSPVT EJTDIBSHF JOJUJBMMZ TFDPOEBSZ CBDUFSJBM DPMPOJ[BUJPO PG OBTBM QBTTBHFT DBO SFTVMU JO DIBOHF UP NVDPQVSVMFOU EJTDIBSHF » &ODSVTUBUJPO; PG FYUFSOBM OBSFT BOE FZFMJET EVF UP MBSHF EJTDIBSHF WPMVNF EFIZESBUJPO BOE QPPS HSPPNJOH r 0SBM VMDFSBUJPO r 4UFSUPS PS TUSJEPS Systemic Signs URT Disease Feline Calici- virus Feline Herpes Virus r 'FWFS r -FUIBSHZ r *OBQQFUFODF BOPSFYJB Clinical Signs r $PNNPOMZ BTTPDJBUFE XJUI PSBM VMDFSBUJPO XIJDI BGGFDUT UPOHVF TPGU QBMBUF BOE GBVDFT r 6MDFST DPOUSJCVUF UP QUZBMJTN BOE PSBM QBJO FYBDFSCBUJOH JOBQQFUFODF r .PSF TFWFSF 635 DMJOJDBM TJHOT JO HFOFSBM r 0DVMBS TJHOT CFDPNF NPSF NBSLFE BOE DISPOJD JODMVEJOH » #MFQIBSPTQBTN » #JMBUFSBM DPOKVODUJWJUJT » ,FSBUJUJT QFSTJTUFOU PS SFDVSSFOU » $IFNPTJT » 4VQFSGJDJBM VMDFSBUJPO EFOESJUJD VMDFST EJSFDU WJSBM DZUPMZTJT PG DPSOFB Fungal Rhinitis Laryngeal Disease Nasopharyn- geal Foreign Bodies Nasopharyn- geal Polyps 16 r .BZ SFTVMU JO GBDJBM EFGPSNJUZ FH 3PNBO OPTF TLJO VMDFSBUJPO BOE OBTBM EJTDIBSHF r 0GUFO IBWF TVCNBOEJCVMBS MZNQIBEFOPQBUIZ r *ODSFBTFE JOTQJSBUPSZ FGGPSU XJUI WBSJBCMF EJTUSFTT BOE stridor r .BZ EJTQMBZ EZTQIPOJB DPVHIJOH HBHHJOH BOE PS SFUDIJOH r "DVUF POTFU PG TOFF[JOH BOE SFWFSTF TOFF[JOH r (BHHJOH BOE TXBMMPXJOH r #PUI PG UIF BCPWF SFTVMU JO EJTUSFTT r 4UFSUPSPVT CSFBUIJOH r 0UJUJT Today's Veterinary Practice July/August 2012 inflammation in cats is not known. UÊA variety of laryngeal neoplasms have been reported in cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus 6®Ê«oÃiÌiÛiÊV>ÌÃÊ>ÀiÊoÛiÀÀi«- resented. » Þm«hom>Ê>n`ÊõÕ>moÕÃÊ cell carcinoma are most common, but adenocarci- noma and round cell tumor are also found.£n]£9 » A definitive diagnosis is vital to guide treatment as chemo- responsiveness varies. » There are a few reports of laryngeal paralysis in cats.20,21 A significant proportion are idiopathic, but paralysis can be secondary to neoplasia, iatrogenic (neck surgery, trau- matic intubation), or laryn- geal inflammation. Tooth Root Disease While dental disease is commonly listed as a cause of URT signs in cats, it is uncommonly reported.22 Tooth root abscesses should be considered a differential diagno- sis for cats with URT signs, par- ticularly unilateral discharge with other evidence of dental disease. CLINICAL SIGNS Clinical signs are somewhat simi- lar for all feline URT diseases; however, some signs are unique ÌoÊ Ã«iViviVÊ «>Ìho}inÃÊ >n`ÉoÀÊ anatomic locations of pathology (Table 1). As mentioned previ- ously, these diseases may result in acute onset of clinical signs or follow a more chronic course. *hÞÃiV>lÊiÝ>min>ÌionÊinÊV>ÌÃÊÜiÌhÊ acute URT infections may be con- sistent with systemic illness.

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