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IMAGING ESSENTIALS | r 5IF EPH JT QMBDFE JO UIF TBNF QPTJUJPO BT GPS B SPVUJOF NFEJPMBUFSBM FMCPX QSPKFDUJPO A B r 8JUI UIF BGGFDUFE MJNC BHBJOTU UIF DBT- TFUUF UBCMF UIF EJTUBM MJNC NBOVT QBX JT BOHMFE BXBZ GSPN UIF UBCMF VQXBSE UPXBSE UIF Y SBZ UVCF BU B to 45-degree angle relative to the table Figure 7 r 1PTJUJPOJOH TQPOHFT PS B MBSHF EFHSFF triangular sponge is used to maintain the EJTUBM UIPSBDJD MJNC BU UIJT BOHMF Figure 6. (A) Dog positioned for a pro- nated craniocaudal evaluation of the elbow. (B) Radiograph of an elbow with no abnormalities; note the difference in the positioning of the ulna and radius compared with Figure 2B. 1 = distal diaphysis of the humerus; 2 = lateral epi- condyle of the humerus; 3 = olecranon of the ulna; 4 = supracondylar foramen of the distal humerus; 5 = medial epicondyle of the humerus; 6 = trochlea of the humerus; 7 = medial coronoid process of the ulna; 8 = lateral border of the radial head superimposed over the lateral cortex of the proximal ulnar diaphysis; 9 = diaphysis of the ulna; 10 = diaphysis of the radius A B r 5IF FMCPX SFNBJOT JO DPOUBDU XJUI UIF DBTTFUUF UBCMF 5IF MJNC TIPVME CF UBQFE to the table, keeping the limb taut but not MJGUJOH UIF FMCPX BXBZ GSPN UIF UBCMF r $PMMJNBUJPO JT UIF TBNF BT JO NFEJPMBUFSBM BOE GMFYFE NFEJPMBUFSBM QSPKFDUJPOT UÊ/hiÊ h>lvÜ>ÞÊ «oinÌÊ LiÌÜiinÊ ÌhiÊ ilLoÜÊ>n`ÊV>À«>lÊjoinÌÊÃhoÕl`ÊLiÊ>ÌÊ ÌhiÊVinÌiÀÊovÊÌhiÊVollim>ÌoÀÊLi>m° Lateral Recumbency UÊ/hiÊ >vviVÌi`Ê limLÊ iÃÊ «Õlli`Ê VÀ>- ni>llÞÊ >n`Ê >Ü>ÞÊ vÀomÊ ÌhiÊ Ì>LliÆÊ ÌhinÊëon}iÃÊ>ÀiÊ«l>Vi`Ê>lon}ÊÌhiÊ mi`i>lÊÃi`iÊovÊÌhiÊlimL]Ê«oÃiÌion- in}ÊÌhiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊliÛilÊÜiÌhÊÌhiÊ ÃhoÕl`iÀÊjoinÌ° UÊ/hiÊV>ÃÃiÌÌiÉ`iÌiVÌoÀÊiÃÊ«l>Vi`ÊVÀ>- ni>llÞÊ>n`ÊÃiVÕÀi`°Ê Figure 7. (A) Dog positioned for a proximomedial to distolateral 45-degree oblique projection of the elbow. (B) Radiograph of an elbow with no abnormalities. 1 = medial epicondyle of the distal humerus; 2 = anconeal process of the ulna; 3 = tuber olecranon of the ulna; 4 = medial coronoid process of the ulna; 5 = radial head; 6 = diaphysis of the ulna; 7 = diaphysis of the radius Sternal Recumbency (Figure 4, page 47) UÊ/hiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊiÃÊ«Õlli`ÊVÀ>ni>llÞ]Ê«l>Vin}ÊÌhiÊ>vviVÌ- i`Ê>nÌiLÀ>ViÕmÊ>ÌÊÌhiÊVinÌiÀÊovÊÌhiÊV>ÃÃiÌÌiÉ`iÌiVÌoÀ°Ê UÊ/hiÊÕn>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊiÃÊlivÌÊinÊ>Ên>ÌÕÀ>l]ÊLinÌÊ«oÃiÌionÊ ÜiÌhÊÌhiÊ«>Ìiin̽ÃÊhi>`Ê«l>Vi`ÊonÊiÌ°Ê/hiÃÊÀoÌ>ÌiÃÊÌhiÊ >vviVÌi`ÊlimL]Êo«Ìimiâin}ÊÌhiÊ«oÃiÌionÊovÊÌhiÊoliVÀ>- nonÊovÊÌhiÊilLoÜÊ>n`ÊV>À«ÕÃ°Ê UÊ/hiÊ«>ÌiinÌÊV>nÊLiÊ«l>Vi`ÊinÊ>Ê6-ÌÀoÕ}hÊÌoÊhil«Êkii«Ê ÌhiÊ«>ÌiinÌÊÕ«Ài}hÌ°Ê >kiÊÃÕÀiÊÌhiÊÕn>vviVÌi`ÊilLoÜÊ >n`Êhi>`Ê>ÀiÊoÕÌÃi`iÊovÊÌhiÊÌÀoÕ}hÊÌoÊ>Ûoi`ÊÃÕ«iÀim- «oÃiÌionÊ>ÀÌiv>VÌÃ°Ê UÊ oÀÊ ÌhiÃÊ ÌiVhniµÕi]Ê ÌhiÊ Ý-À>ÞÊ ÌÕLiÊ hi>`ÊiÃÊÀoÌ>Ìi`Ê9äÊ`i}ÀiiÃÊÌoÜ>À`Ê ÌhiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimL°Ê/hiÊÝ-À>ÞÊLi>mÊiÃÊ VinÌiÀi`Ê inÊ >Ê«ÀoÝimo`iÃÌ>lÊ`iÀiV- ÌionÊ >ÌÊ >Ê mi`Ê «oinÌÊ LiÌÜiinÊ ÌhiÊ VÕLiÌ>lÊV>À«>lÊjoinÌÃ]ÊÜiÌhÊÌhiÊhoÀi- âonÌ>lÊ liniÊ ovÊ ÌhiÊ Vollim>ÌoÀÊ li}hÌÊ >li}ni`Ê ÜiÌhÊ ÌhiÊ mi`liniÊ ovÊ ÌhiÊ À>`iÕÃÉÕln>° QUALITY CONTROL 1ÃiÊ >Ê ÌhÀii-ÃÌi«Ê >««Ào>VhÊ ÌoÊ`iÌiÀ- miniÊÌhiʵÕ>liÌÞÊovÊ>Ê`i>}noÃÌiVÊ im>}i\ £°Ê ÃÊÌhiÊÌiVhniµÕiÊ>`iµÕ>ÌiÊ>««Ào«Ài- >ÌiÊiÝ«oÃÕÀiÊ>n`Ê`iÛilo«minÌÊv>VÌoÀî¶ Ó°Ê ÃÊÌhiÊ«oÃiÌionin}Ê>n>ÌomiV>llÞÊVoÀÀiVÌÊ>n`ÊÃÌÀ>i}h̶ Î°Ê ÃÊÌhiÊVoÀÀiVÌÊ>n>ÌomÞÊ«ÀiÃinÌÊÜiÌhinÊÌhiÊim>}iÊÃiiÊ LiloÜ®¶ Ê Elbow "nViÊ ÌhiÊ`iÃiÀi`Ê ÌiVhniµÕiÊ >n`Ê«oÃiÌionin}Ê h>ÃÊ LiinÊ >ÌÌ>ini`]Êm>kiÊÃÕÀiÊÌhiÊ>««Ào«Ài>ÌiÊ>n>ÌomÞÊiÃÊinVlÕ`i`°Ê UÊThe mediolateral and craniocaudal projections of the elbowÊÃhoÕl`ÊinVlÕ`iÊÌhiÊ`iÃÌ>lÊÌhiÀ`ÊovÊÌhiÊ hÕmiÀÕÃÊ>n`Ê«ÀoÝim>lÊÌhiÀ`ÊovÊÌhiÊÀ>`iÕÃÉÕln>° July/August 2012 Today's Veterinary Practice 49 Small Animal Elbow & Antebrachium Radiography