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62 ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK PEER REVIEWED 1. Hepatic vascular resistance can increase to _____ of normal in dogs experiencing anaphylaxis. a. 120% b. 170% c. 300% d. 220% 2. What drug may be useful for treating bronchoconstriction as well as inhibiting mediator release? a. Ranitidine b. Aminophylline c. Diphenhydramine d. Dopamine 3. Which type of reaction requires an initial allergen exposure? a. IgE-mediated b. IgE-independent c. Nonimmunologic d. IgG-mediated 4. When should an epinephrine CRI be started? a. Immediately upon presentation b. If fluid resuscitation does not increase blood pressure c. Never d. When IV epinephrine boluses have little to no effect 5. Wasp and hornet stings contain all of the following proteins except a. peptide 401. b. phospholipase A2. c. melittin. d. hyaluronidase. NOTE Questions online may differ from those here; answers are available once CE test is taken at vetmedteam.com/tvp.aspx . Tests are valid for 2 years from date of approval. 6. Which of the following receptors, when activated, causes an increase in nitric oxide production? a. H1R b. H2R c. H3R d. H4R 7. Patients recovering from anaphylactic shock should undergo an observational period of ______ hours. a. No observational period is needed b. 24 to 36 c. 36 to 48 d. 48 to 72 8. Intravascular blood volume may be decreased by _____ due to fluid extravasation. a. 15% b. 25% c. 35% d. 45% 9. What are the primary shock organs in the dog and cat, respectively? a. Liver; spleen b. Liver; lungs c. Lungs; liver d. Spleen; liver 10. Which drug acts as both an α- and a β-adrenergic agonist? a. Vasopressin b. Atropine c. Albuterol d. Epinephrine Anaphylactic Shock: How to Effectively Diagnose and Treat LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon finishing this article, readers will be able to define anaphylaxis and describe its mechanisms of action, list the chemical mediators involved, identify the different shock organs in different species, recognize clinical signs, and determine treatments for patients with anaphylactic shock. OVERVIEW This article provides an overview of anaphylaxis; the pathophysiology of its mechanisms of action, including mediators and shock organs; and treatment recommendations for a variety of clinical signs associated with anaphylactic shock. The article you have read has been submitted for RACE approval for 1 hour of continuing education credit and will be opened for enrollment when approval has been received. To receive credit, take the approved test online at vetmedteam.com/tvp.aspx (CE fee of $5/article).