Today's Veterinary Practice

MAY-JUN 2014

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Today's Veterinary Practice May/June 2014 70 | ParasiTe ProTocols tvpjournal.com Protecting dogs from infection with pulmonary hel- minths limits environmental contamination, reducing risk of both canine and human disease. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS & CAPC RECOMMENDATIONS • Administer broad-spectrum parasite control products that provide internal parasite control and prevent heart- worm infection to all pet dogs year-round. • Routinely deworm puppies beginning at 2 weeks of age, with deworming repeated every 2 weeks. • Begin administering a monthly control product with ef- ficacy against intestinal helminths when puppies reach 4 to 8 weeks of age. Other preventive measures that owners can implement include: • Keeping dogs on a leash or in a fenced yard to prevent predation and scavenging activities; this limits the op- portunity for dogs to acquire infection via ingestion of vertebrate hosts (ascarids) or from a feces-contaminated environment • Promptly removing feces from the yard to pre- vent eggs from decomposing with fecal mate- rial or dispersing into the environment. n References 1. bowman dd. Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians, 10th ed. St. louis: elsevier Saunders, 2014, pp 477. 2. Kistler wM, brown Jd, allison ab, et al. First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Hepatozoon from a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from west virginia, U.S.a. Vet Parasitol 2013; 200:216-220. 3. bolt G, Monrad J, Koch J, Jensen al. Canine angiostrongylosis: a review. Vet Rec 1994; 135(19):447-452. 4. Koch J, willesen Jl. Canine pulmonary angiostrongylosis: an update. Vet J 2009; 179(3):348-359. 5. Schnyder M, Fahrion a, Ossent P, et al. larvicidal effect of imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on solution in dogs experimentally inoculated with Angiostrongylus vasorum. Vet Parasitol 2009; 166:326-332. 6. Conboy G. Natural infections of Crenosoma vulpis and Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs in atlantic Canada and their treatment with milbemycin oxime. Vet Rec 2004; 155:16-18. 7. Unterer S, deplazes P, arnold P, et al. Spontaneous Creno- soma vulpis infection in 10 dogs: laboratory, radiographic and endoscopic findings. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2002; 144(4):174-179. 8. Conboy G, Hare J, Charles S, et al. efficacy of a single topical application of advantage Multi (=advocate) topical solution (10% imidocloprid + 2.5% moxidectin) in the treatment of dogs experimentally infected with Crenosoma vulpis. Parasitol Res 2009; 105(S1):S49-S54. 9. Conboy G, bourque a, Miller l, et al. efficacy of Milbemax (milbemycin oxime + praziquantel) in the treatment of dogs experimentally infected with Crenosoma vulpis. Vet Parasitol 2013; 198:319-324. 10. Traversa d, di Cesare a, Milillo P, et al. infection by Eucoleus aerophilus in dogs and cats: is another extra-intestinal parasitic nematode of pets emerging in italy? Res Vet Sci 2009; 87(2):270-272. 11. burgess H, ruotsalo K, Peregrine aS, et al. Eucoleus aerophilus respiratory infection in a dog with addison's disease. Can Vet J 2008; 49(2):389-392. 12. Yao CQ, O'Toole d, driscoll M, et al. Filaroides osleri (Oslerus osleri): Two case reports and a review of canid infections in North america. Vet Parasitol 2011; 179:123-129. 13. Carrasco l, Hervás J, Gómez-villamandos JC, et al. Massive Filaroides hirthi infestation associated with canine distemper in a puppy. Vet Rec 1997; 140(3):72-73. 14. McGarry Jw, Morgan er. identification of first-stage larvae of metastrongyles from dogs. Vet Rec 2009; 165(9):258-261. 15. Georgi Jr, Georgi Me, Fahnestock Gr, Theodorides vJ. Transmission and control of Filaroides hirthi lungworm infection in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1979; 40(6):829-831. 16. lane Ma, Marcos la, Onen NF, et al. Paragonimus kellicotti fluke infections in Missouri, USa. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18(8):1263-1267. 17. Harrus S, Nyska a, Colorni a, Markovics a. Sudden death due to Paragonimus kellicotti infection in a dog. Vet Parasitol 1997; 71(1):59-63. 18. Conboy G. Helminth parasites of the canine and feline respiratory tract. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39(6):1109-1126. 19. won KY, Kruszon-Moran d, Schantz PM, Jones Jl. National seroprevalence and risk factors for zoonotic Toxocara spp. infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79(4):552-557. 20. Theis JH. Public health aspects of dirofilariasis in the United States. Vet Parasitol 2005; 133:157-180. Table 2. Canine Pulmonary Helminths: recommended Treatment dosages in limited reports that often involved a small number of cases, the treatments listed in this table were shown to be effective for treament and control of canine lungworms. However, none are label approved for this purpose in dogs in the U.S. Some treatments reported as effective in the literature can cause severe reactions in certain breeds (ie, high-dose ivermectin) and others, although briefly mentioned in the text and reportedly effective, are not recommended for use in dogs due to potential adverse events (ie, albendazole, levamisole). ANTHELMINTIC EFFECTIVE AGAINST DOSAGE Fenbendazole Angiostrongylus vasorum Eucoleus aerophilus Filaroides hirthi Filaroides osleri Paragonimus kellicotti 50 mg/kg Po Q 24 H for 10–14 days Milbemycin oxime Crenosoma vulpis 0.5 mg/kg Po single dose Moxidectin Angiostrongylus vasorum Crenosoma vulpis 10% moxidectin topical applica- tion, single dose Praziquantel Paragonimus kellicotti 23 mg/kg Po Q 8 H for 3 days Inform clients that routine parasite control typically results in negative fecal examinations, confirming the efficacy of routine parasite prevention. in the case of pulmonary helminths, even though those other than heartworm are not mentioned on product labels, it is very likely that administration of these drugs minimizes the ability of lungworms to develop if the dog is receiving monthly preventive therapy. Dwight D. Bowman, MS, PhD, Diplo- mate ACVM (Parasitology, Hon) is professor of parasitology at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. He received his MS and PhD in parasitology from Tulane Uni- versity. Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVM (Parasitology), is the director of the National Center for Veterinary Parasitology at Oklahoma State University's Center for Veterinary Health Sciences. She received her DVM from Virginia Tech. TVP_2014-0506_CAPC-CanineHelmiths_Part2.indd 70 5/24/2014 8:21:38 PM

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