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83 ACVN NutritioN Notes | surVeyiNg suPPleMeNts: CurreNt treNDs, reseArCH, & reCoMMeNDAtioNs May/June 2014 today's Veterinary Practice tvpjournal.com AAFCo = Association of American Feed Control officials; DCM = dilated cardio- myopathy; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; ePA = eicosapentaenoic acid; MsM = methylsulfonylmethane; NsAiD = nonste- roidal anti-inflammatory drug; oA = osteo- arthritis; sAM-e = s-adenosylmethionine; uri = upper respiratory tract infection References 1. Packaged facts. Pet Supplements and Nutraceutical Treats in the U.S., 4th ed. epublication, 2013. 2. Freeman lm, abood SK, Fascetti aJ, et al. disease prevalence among dogs and cats in the united States and australia and proportions of dogs and cats that receive therapeutic diets or dietary supplements. JAVMA 2006; 229:531-534. 3. lana Se, Kogan lr, Crump Ka, et al. the use of complementary and alternative therapies in dogs and cats with cancer. JAAHA 2006; 42:361-365. 4. Stargrove mb, treature J, mcKee dl. table 6. Common gastrointestinal Supplement ingredients INGREDIENT SUMMARY Dietary Fiber • soluble fibers are thought to influence fecal flora and num- bers; examples include pectins, beet pulp, and gums. • While they have been extensively studied in small animal nutrition, their application in many non-gastrointestinal dis- ease states and optimal doses remain unclear. Prebiotics • indigestible dietary ingredients, such as fructooligosaccha- ride (derived from inulin), that selectively stimulate growth of certain intestinal bacteria • Frequently discussed in human nutrition Probiotics • live strains of microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host • likely species-specific; therefore, the use of human probiot- ics in animals is questionable • Most commonly shown to prevent or reduce acute diar- rhea 46,47 • some products are advertised for administration to pets with renal failure • reductions in blood urea nitrogen may be possible if there is increased colonization of bacteria that convert urea to ammonia; however, clinical benefit has not yet been shown • Quality control in animal probiotics appears poor 48 Justin Shmalberg, DVM, Diplomate ACVN, is a clinical assis- tant professor of integrative medi- cine at University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. He received his DVM from University of Wisconsin-Madison and completed an internship in veterinary acupuncture at University of Florida along with a residency in small animal clinical nutrition. Professional Veterinary Formulas Ultra EFA Sold EXCLUSIVELY to veterinary professionals throughout the world since 1999. Accept no substitute or replica. For more information about our complete product line, or to place an order please call: 800-Rx2-2222 or 914-592-2323 www.rxvitamins.com FORMULATED BY ROBERT J. SILVER, DVM, MS, CVA 3000 mg of High Quality, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, 540 mg EPA, and 360 mg DHA per Teaspoon! Ultra EFA is a highly potent, bioactive, fatty acid blend featuring a premium-grade marine lipid concentrate and liquid lecithin. Ultra EFA provides 3000 mg of Omega-3 fatty acids per dose thus guaranteeing high levels of EPA and DHA. Lecithin is a natural source of phospholipids and acts as an emulsifer thus enhancing absorption and utilization of the marine lipids. The levels of EPA and DHA in the Ultra EFA enable the veterinarian to easily achieve clinically recommended, therapeutic dosing levels, cost effectively. A ROLE FOR ANTIOxIDANTS? oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant concentrations are frequently documented in hospi- talized patients, but the influence of antioxidant interventions is less clear. 49,50 • Vitamins C and e assist in antioxi- dant support, but Vitamin e has more evidence supporting its use. 14 • Alpha lipoic acid possesses an antioxidant effect, primarily through reduction of other antioxidants, and is a cofactor in several critical metabolic enzymes within cells. 51 Co-administration of alpha lipoic acid (11 mg/kg) with acetyl-l-carni- tine (27.5 mg/kg) improved cogni- tive function in older beagles. 52 in addition, some oncologists report reduced hepatocellular enzyme induction when given concurrently with chemotherapeutics. However, administration in cats should be avoided until additional information is available. Herb, Nutrient, and Drug Interactions: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. St. louis: mosby, 2008. 5. Ooms tg, Khan Sa, means C. Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997- 1999). JAVMA 2001; 218:225-229. 6. Conn Jw, rovner dr, Cohen el. licorice- induced pseudoaldosteronism. Hypertension, hypokalemia, aldosteronopenia, and suppressed plasma renin activity. JAMA 1968; 205:492-496. 7. Jarrett rH, norman eJ, Squires ra. liquorice and canine addison's disease. N Z Vet J 2005; 53:214. 8. Singh d, gupta r, Saraf Sa. Herbs—are they safe enough? an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:876-898. 9. debelle Fd, vanherweghem Jl, nortier Jl. aristolochic acid nephropathy: a worldwide problem. Kidney Int 2008; 74:158-169. 10. maughan rJ. Contamination of dietary supplements and positive drug tests in sport. J Sports Sci 2005; 23:883-889. 11. gurley bJ, gardner SF, Hubbard ma. Content versus label claims in ephedra-containing dietary supplements. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000; 57:963-969. 2014-0506_NutritionNotes_Nutraceuticals_RECONFIGURED_FOR ADS.indd 83 5/24/2014 8:17:11 PM