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| ADVANCES IN STEM CELL THERAPY References 1. Johnson JA, Austin C, Breur GJ. Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 15 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 to 1989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1994; 7:56-69. 2. Gillis C. Rehabilitation of tendon and ligament injuries. AAEP Proc 1997; 43:306-309. 3. Zuk P. The adipose-derived stem cell: Looking back and looking ahead. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21(11):1783-1787. 4. Harman R, Cowles B, Orava C, et al. A retrospective review of 62 cases of suspensory ligament injury in sport horses treated with adipose- derived stem and regenerative cell therapy. Vet Orthop Soc Proc 2006. 5. Harman R, Cowles B, Orava C, et al. A retrospective review of 52 cases of suspensory ligament injury in sport horses treated with adipose- derived stem and regenerative cell therapy. Vet Ortho Soc Proc 2007. 6. Harman R, Cowles B, Orava C, et al. 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Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation 1968; 6:230-247. 18. Tapp H, Hanley E, Patt J, Gruber H. Adipose-derived stem cells: Characterization and current application in orthopaedic tissue repair. Exp Biol Med 2009; 234(1):1-9. 19. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: Implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng 2001; 7:211- 228. 20. Zuk PA, Zhu M. Ashjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:4279-4295. 21. Mizuno H, Zuk P, Jones N, et al. Myogenic differentiation by human processed lipoaspirate cells. Plast Reconstru Surg 2002; 109:199-209. 22. Okura H, Matsuyama A, Lee CM, et al. Cardiomyoblast-like cells differentiated from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve left ventricular dysfunction and survival in a rat myocardial infarction model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16(3):417-425. 23. Liang L, Ma T, Chen W, et al. Therapeutic potential and related signal pathway of adipose-derived stem cell transplantation for rat liver injury. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:822-832. 24. Kang SK, Putnam LA, Ylostalo J. Neurogenesis of rhesus adipose stromal cells. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:4289-4299. 25. Safford KM, Hicok KC, Safford SD, et al. Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:371-379. 26. Kingham PJ, Kalbermatten DF, Mahay D. Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate into a Schwann cell phenotype and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. Exp Neurol 2007; 207:267-274. 27. Xu Y, Liu L, Li Y, et al. Myelin-forming ability of Schwann cell-like cells induced from rat adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Brain Res 2008; 1239:49-55. 28. Di Summa PG, Kingham PJ, Raffoul W, et al. Adipose-derived stem cells enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. J Plast Reconstru Aesthet Surg 2010; 63(9):1544-1552. 28 Today’s Veterinary Practice July/August 2011 Donna Alderman, DO, is the medical director of Hemwall Family Medical Centers in California. She has extensive training in prolotherapy, platelet-rich plasma, and stem- cell prolotherapy. Dr. Alderman is a lecturer and Board of Trustees member for the American Osteopathic Association of Prolotherapy Integrative Pain Management and an editorial board member for the Journal of Prolotherapy. She also authored the book Free Yourself from Chronic Pain and Sports Injuries (Family Doctor Press, 2007). Dr. Alderman is a graduate of Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, in Pomona, California, with an undergraduate degree from Cornell University. She can be reached through her website (prolotherapy.com). Robert W. Alexander, MD, DMD, FICS, practices general cosmetic and reconstructive surgery in both Stevensville, Montana, and Edmonds, Washington. He is also on faculty at University of Washington School of Medicine and Dentistry. Dr. Alexander is the author of multiple publications and book chapters on the subject of aesthetic, reconstructive, and craniomaxillofacial surgery. He is the recipient of many awards and recognitions for advancement in each of these areas. In 2005, his presentations on use of HDPRP concentrates led to important contributions in use of AD-SCs with HDPRP for musculoskeletal, wound healing, and regenerative applications. Dr. Alexander received doctorates in medicine (University of Florida) and dentistry (St. Louis University). He completed his surgical and specialty residency training at University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. Following residency training, he served as departmental chairman at the University of Florida (Jacksonville Hospital Education Program).