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TODAY’S VETERINARY RESEARCH | STUDY PARTICIPANTS /hiÊ ÎäÊ `o}ÃÊ inVlÕ`i`Ê inÊ ÌhiÃÊ ÃÌÕ`ÞÊ mi>nÊ >}i]Ê ££Ê Þi>ÀÃÆÊÀ>n}i]Êxq£xÊÞi>ÀîÊh>`ÊLiinÊ«ÀiÃinÌi`ÊvoÀÊÀoÕ- tine abdominal ultrasound. They were selected if at least 1 nodule was detected in the liver during ultra- sound examination and if a definitive diagnosis was obtained by histopathology or cytology of the liver nodules. Dogs with hepatic masses (lesions > 3 cm) were included in the study if hepatic nodules were also present. In these dogs CEUS was performed to evaluate the nodules. IMAGING STUDY Two-dimensional gray-scale and CEUS examinations were performed. The region of the liver containing nodules was identified and the probe was maintained in the same location for the CEUS examination. nÊ 6Ê LolÕÃÊ injiVÌionÊ ovÊ ÌhiÊ VonÌÀ>ÃÌÊ >}inÌÊÜ>ÃÊ >`miniÃÌiÀi`°Ê >Ãi`ÊonÊ>Ê«ÀiÛioÕÃÊÃÌÕ`Þ]Ê`o}ÃÊÜii}h- ing < 20 kg received 0.1 mL of contrast medium; those weighing t 20 kg received 0.2 mL.7 Two milliliters of Ã>liniÊÜiÀiÊ>`miniÃÌiÀi`Êimmi`i>ÌilÞÊ>vÌiÀÊi>VhÊinjiV- tion. No complications were noted after administration of contrast. Ê£-minÕÌiÊ`ÕÀ>ÌionÊViniÊloo«ÊÜ>ÃÊÀiVoÀ`i`Ê`ÕÀin}Ê contrast enhancement and still images and clips were digitally stored and transferred to a picture archive VommÕniV>ÌionÊ ÃÞÃÌimÊ * -®Ê ÃoÕn`iklin°Vom®°Ê 1lÌÀ>ÃoÕn`-}Õi`i`Ê vini-nii`liÊ >ëiÀ>ÌionÊ tissue samples. No complications occurred after these procedures. EVALUATION & STATISTICAL ANALYSIS oÀÊi>VhÊ ÃÌÕ`Þ]Ê ÌhiÊiVho}iniViÌÞÊovÊ ÌhiÊnoÀm>lÊ liÛiÀÊ parenchyma and the nodules (after administration ovÊ VonÌÀ>ÃÌÊmi`iÕm®Ê ÜiÀiÊ ÃÕLjiVÌiÛilÞÊ >ÃÃiÃÃi`Ê voÀÊ 1 minute. In both the arterial and portal phases the nodules were evaluated for presence or absence of ®Ê oÀÊ Lio«ÃÞÊovÊÌhiÊno`ÕliÃÊÜ>ÃÊ«iÀvoÀmi`ÊÕÃin}Ê>ÊÓÓ-}>Õ}i]Ê £°x-inVhÊnii`liÊ>ÌÌ>Vhi`Ê ÌoÊ >ÊÎ-ÊoÀÊx-m Ê ÃÞÀin}iÊ voÀÊ Ê>n`Ê>nÊ£n-}>Õ}iÊ/ÀÕ-VÕÌÊLio«ÃÞÊnii`liÊvoÀÊVoÀiÊ 5BCMF %JBHOPTJT PG )FQBUJD /PEVMFT %JBHOPTJT Liver Nodules Benign Lymphoid infiltration Necrosis Nodular hyperplasia Normal Steroid hepatopathy Vacuolar hepatopathy Total Malignant Hemangiosarcoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Histiocytic sarcoma Insulinoma Plasmacytoma Total Cytology Histopa- thology 1 1 1 1 7 10 4 2 2 1 1 10 5 1 3 5 1 4 Yes 1 1 1 1 1 9 13 5 5 2 1 1 14 * Diagnosed with cytology; ** diagnosed with histopathology CEUS = contrast-enhanced ultrasonography vessels. The distribution of vessels (when present) was classified into 3 patterns (Figure 1): UÊ ii`in}ÊÛiÃÃilÃÊ UÊ*iÀiliÃion>lÊÛiÃÃilÊÀin}Êinh>nViminÌ® UÊ nÌÀ>liÃion>lÊÛiÃÃilð The lesions were classified as likely to be malignant if they appeared hypoechoic to surrounding liver paren- chyma and benign if they appeared iso- or hyperechoic ÌoÊliÛiÀÊ«>ÀinVhÞm>ÊinÊÌhiÊ«oÀÌ>lÊÛinoÕÃÊ«h>ÃiÊÎäqÈäÊ seconds).n /hiÊÃinÃiÌiÛiÌÞ]ÊëiViviViÌÞ]Ê>n`Ê>VVÕÀ>VÞÊovÊ 1-ÊÌoÊ differentiate malignant from benign lesions was cal- VÕl>Ìi`°Ê ÊVonÌin}inVÞÊ Ì>LliÊ>n>lÞÃiÃÊÜ>ÃÊ«iÀvoÀmi`Ê using software with a 2-tailed Fisher’s exact test to compare the proportional distributions using a level ovÊÃi}niviV>nViÊovÊ«Ê<Êä°äx°ÊÊÊÊ Figure 1. Diagram showing the classification pattern of vessels: feeding vessel (A), perilesional vessel or ring- enhancement pattern (B), and intralesional vessels (C) STUDY RESULTS "vÊ ÌhiÊ ÎäÊ `o}ÃÊ inÊ ÌhiÃÊ ÃÌÕ`Þ]Ê £xÊÜiÀiÊ `i>}noÃi`Ê ÜiÌhÊLini}nÊno`ÕliÃÊ >n`Ê£xÊÜiÌhÊm>li}n>nÌÊno`- ules. The diagnosis was based on histopathology in 10 cases and cytology in 20 cases. The diagno- sis and agreement with CEUS are summarized in Table 1. July/August 2011 Today’s Veterinary Practice 57 1 "HSFFNFOU XJUI $&64 No 1* 2 1** $POUSBTU &OIBODFE; 6MUSBTPOPHSBQIZ GPS $IBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG -JWFS /PEVMFT