Today's Veterinary Practice

JUL-AUG 2015

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TodAy's VeTerinAry PrAcTice | July/August 2015 | tvpjournal.com PArAsiTology eXPerTise FroM THe ncVP Peer reviewed 56 Anaplasmosis Transmission. Two Anaplasma species are known to cause disease in north American dogs: 5,6 • A phagocytophilum: Ixodes ticks (I scapularis and I pacificus ) are responsible for transmission, and A phagocytophilum infections are most prevalent in the northeast and upper Midwest. • A platys: Rhipicephalus sanguineus is considered this agent's vector, and A platys infection is seen throughout the U.s. but is most common in south central states, such as Texas and oklahoma, likely due to higher populations of R sanguineus. 1 Presentation. clinical signs of anaplasmosis include fever, lethargy, anorexia, and lameness. dogs with anaplasmosis often have thrombocytopenia, with low platelet counts more likely to be cyclical in A platys infections. However, as with B burgdorferi, many dogs may be clinically normal despite current infection. 5-7 Diagnosis. in clinically affected dogs, anaplasmosis is best diagnosed through a combination of polymerase chain reaction (Pcr), serologic testing, and careful examination of stained blood smears (Table 2): 6,8 • P cr assays are most useful for identifying early, active infections prior to antibiotic treatment. • serologic testing is more likely to confirm established infections. TAbLE 1. Common Canine Tick-Borne Disease agents in north america Disease Disease agents Primary tick Vector(s) geograPhic Distribution Bacterial Disease Lyme borreliosis Borrelia burgdorferi Ixodes scapularis Ixodes pacifcus Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast states; southern Canada; recent expansion in Mid-Atlantic states a naplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ixodes scapularis Ixodes pacifcus Northeast, Midwest, West Coast states Anaplasma platys Rhipicephalus sanguineus* South central, southwestern U.S.; reported nationwide ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia canis Rhipicephalus sanguineus South central, southwestern U.S.; reported nationwide Ehrlichia ewingii Ehrlichia chaffeensis Panola Mountain Ehrlichia species Amblyomma americanum Central and southeastern U.S.; extending northward along the Atlantic coast Ehrlichia muris Ixodes scapularis Upper Midwest (Minnesota and Wisconsin) rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii Dermacentor variabilis Rhipicephalus sanguineus South central, southwestern, and eastern U.S.; western mountain states Protozoal Disease Babesiosis Babesia vogeli § Rhipicephalus sanguineus South central, eastern U.S.; reported nationwide Babesia gibsoni † Rhipicephalus sanguineus* Reported sporadically nationwide Other Babesia species Various tick species worldwide Occasionally reported Hepatozoonosis Hepatozoon americanum Amblyomma maculatum South central and southeastern U.S. Hepatozoon canis Rhipicephalus sanguineus* Reported sporadically nationwide * Transmission cycle not yet confrmed in North America § Also referred to as b canis vogeli † More commonly transmitted by dog bite in North America

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