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TodAy's VeTerinAry PrAcTice | July/August 2015 | tvpjournal.com PArAsiTology eXPerTise FroM THe ncVP Peer reviewed 60 • Triple therapy for 14 days with (1) trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 15 mg/kg Po Q 12 H; (2) clindamycin, 10 mg/kg Po Q 8 H; and (3) pyrimethamine, 0.25 mg/kg Po Q 24 H. regardless of initial therapy choice, dogs with American canine hepatozoonosis should be maintained long-term (2 years or more) on suppressive therapy with decoquinate, 10 to 20 mg/kg Po Q 12 H. nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drugs are also useful to improve clinical condition. Pcr = polymerase chain reaction References 1. little se, Beall MJ, Bowman dd, et al. canine infection with Diroflaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp., in the United states, 2010–2012. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:257. 2. littman MP, goldstein re, labato MA, et al. AcViM small animal consensus statement on lyme disease in dogs: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 2:422-434. 3. little se, Heise sr, Blagburn Bl, et al. lyme borreliosis in dogs and humans in the UsA. Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:213-218. 4. Krupka i, straubinger rK. lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats: Background, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infections with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:1103-1119. 5. carrade dd, Foley Je, Borjesson dl, et al. canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: A review. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23(6):1129-1141. 6. little se. ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40(6):1121-1140. 7. gaunt sd, Beall MJ, stillman BA, et al. experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: Hematologic, serologic, and molecular fndings. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:33. 8. Allison rW, little se. diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42(2):127-144. 9. Hegarty Bc, Maggi rg, Koskinen P, et al. Ehrlichia muris infection in a dog from Minnesota. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26(5):1217-1220. 10. Qurollo BA, davenport Ac, sherbert BM, et al. infection with Panola Mountain Ehrlichia sp. in a dog with atypical lymphocytes and clonal T-cell expansion. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27(5):1251-1255. 11. starkey lA, Barrett AW, Beall MJ, et al. Persistent Ehrlichia ewingii infection in dogs after natural tick infestation. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29(2):552-555. 12. dahlgren Fs, Holman rc, Paddock cd, et al. Fatal rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United states, 1999-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86(4):713-719. 13. nicholson Wl, Allen Ke, McQuiston JH, et al. The increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people. Trends Parasitol 2010; 26(4):205-212. 14. Barrett A, little se, shaw e. "Rickettsia amblyommii" and R montanensis infection in dogs following natural exposure to ticks. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14(1):20-25. 15. irwin PJ. canine babesiosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40(6):1141-1156. 16. Birkenheuer AJ, correa MT, levy Mg, et al. geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United states and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003). JAVMA 2005; 227(6):942-947. 17. sikorski le, Birkenheuer AJ, Holowaychuk MK, et al. Babesiosis caused by a large Babesia species in 7 immunocompromised dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24(1):127-131. 18. Allen Ke, Johnson eM, little se. Hepatozoon spp. infection in the United states. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011; 41:1221-1238. 19. Johnson eM, Panciera rJ, Allen Ke, et al. Alternate pathway of infection with Hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 23:1315-1318. 20. Paddock cd, Finley rW, Wright cs, et al. Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from rocky Mountain spotted fever. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1188-1196. 21. Allen Ke, li y, Kaltenboeck B, et al. diversity of Hepatozoon species in naturally infected dogs in the southern United states. Vet Parasitol 2008; 154(3-4):220-225. 22. cotte V, Bonnet s, le rhun d, et al. Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(7):1074-1080. 23. reis c, cote M, le rhun d, et al. Vector competence of the tick Ixodes ricinus for transmission of Bartonella birtlesii. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5(5):e1186. doi:10.1371/journal .pntd.0001186. [PMc free article] [PubMed] [cross ref]. 24. Pastula dM, Turabelidze g, yates KF, et al. notes from the feld: Heartland virus disease—United states, 2012-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63(12):270-271. 25. Kosoy oi, lambert AJ, Hawkinson dJ, et al. novel thogotovirus associated with febrile illness and death, United states, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015. doi:10.3201/eid2105.150150. 26. neer TM, Breitschwerdt eB, greene rT, lappin Mr. consensus statement on ehrlichial disease of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the AcViM, American college of Veterinary internal Medicine. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16(3):309-315. 27. Birkenheuer AJ, levy Mg, Breitschwerdt eB. effcacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18(4):494-498. s usan e. LiTTLe Susan E. Little, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVM (Parasitology), is a veterinarian, par - asitologist, and co-director of the National Center for Veterinary Parasitology at Okla - homa State University, where she serves as Regents Professor and the Krull-Ewing Chair in Veterinary Parasitology. She has been recognized for teaching excellence through the Pfzer (Norden) Distinguished Teaching Award and National Student AVMA Excel - lence in Teaching Award, and for outstand- ing research through the Pfzer Award for Research Excellence. She received her DVM from Virginia–Maryland College of Veteri - nary Medicine (Virginia Institute of Technol- ogy) and PhD from University of Georgia. Lin D say a. sTarkey Lindsay A. Starkey, DVM, PhD, is a vet- erinarian, parasitologist, and currently the bayer Resident in Veterinary Para - sitology through the National Center for Veterinary Parasitology at Oklaho - ma State University. She received the AAVP/Merck Outstanding Graduate Student Award and the AAVP/CAPC Graduate Student Award in Zoonotic Disease from the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists for her dis - sertational research, which focused on ticks and tick-borne diseases. Dr. Star - key received her DVM and PhD from Oklahoma State University.