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Today's VeTerinary PracTice | september/october 2015 | tvpjournal.com canine PediaTrics: The VomiTing PuPPy Peer reviewed 38 References 1. Adelman RD, Wright J. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the growing beagle puppy. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1985; 8(6):396-401. 2. Clinkenbeard KD, Cowell RL, Meinkoth JH, et al. The hematopoietic and lymphoid systems. In Hoskins JD (ed): Veterinary Pediatrics: Dogs and Cats from Birth to Six Months. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001, pp 300-343. 3. Earl FL, Melveger BE, Wilson RL. The hemogram and bone marrow profle of normal neonatal and weanling beagle dogs. Lab Anim Sci 1973; 23:690-695. 4. McMichael M, Dhupa N. Pediatric critical care medicine: Physiologic considerations. Compend Contin Ed Pract Vet 2000; 22:206-214. 5. Woldford ST, Schroer RA, Gohs FX, et al. Effect of age on serum chemistry profle, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age. Vet Clin Path 1988; 17(2):35-42. 6. Macintire DK. Pediatric intensive care. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1999; 29:971-988. 7. Macintire DK. Pediatric fuid therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2008; 38:621-627. 8. Veir JK. Canine parvoviral enteritis. In Bonagura JD, Twedt DC (eds): Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XV. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2014, pp 533-535. 9. Bragg RF, Duffy AL, Dececco FA, et al. Clinical evaluation of a single dose of immune plasma for treatment of canine parvovirus infection. JAVMA 2012; 240(6):700-704. 10. Dimmitt R. Clinical experience with cross-protective anti- endotoxin antiserum in dogs with parvovivral enteritis. Canine Pract 1991;16(3):23-26. 11. Duffy A, Dow S, Ogilvie G. Hematologic improvement in dogs with parvovirus infection treated with recombinant canine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33(4):352-356. 12. Savigny MR, Macintire DK. Use of oseltamivir in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2010; 20(1):132-142. 13. Ishiwata K, Minagawa T, Kajimoto T. Clinical effects of the recombinant feline interferon-omega on experimental parvovirus infection in beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 1998; 60(8):911-917. 14. DeMari K, Maynard L, Eun HM, et al. Treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis with interferon omega in a placebo-controlled feld trial. Vet Rec 2003; 152:105. 15. Markovich JE, Stucker KM, Carr AH, et al. Effects of canine parvovirus strain variations on diagnostic test results and clinical management of enteritis in dogs. JAVMA 2012; 241:66-72. 16. Kalli I, Leontides LS, Mylonakis ME, et al. Factors affecting the occurrence, duration of hospitalization and fnal outcome in canine parvovirus infection. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89(2):174-178. 17. McClure V, van Schoor M, Thompson PN, et al. Evaluation of the use of serum C-reactive protein concentration to predict outcome in puppies infected with canine parvovirus. JAVMA 2013; 243(3):361-366. 18. Kocaturk M, Martínez S, Eralp O, et al. Prognostic value of serum acute-phase proteins in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51(9):478-483. 19. Sullivan LA, Twedt DC, Boscan PL. Evaluation of an outpatient protocol in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care; in press. 20. Koenig A. Colloid osmotic pressure in healthy puppies. IVECCS Proc, 2007. 21. Lawler DF. Neonatal and pediatric care of the puppy and kitten. Theriogenol 2008; 70:384-392. J UST i NE a . L EE Justine A. Lee, DVM, Diplomate ACVECC & ABT, is the CEO and founder of VETgirl (vetgirlontherun.com), a subscription-based podcast and webinar service that offers RACE- approved veterinary continuing education. Dr. Lee recently received the 2015 NAVC Speaker of the Year Award, and is the author and editor of several veterinary textbooks, book chapters, and scientifc publications. She completed her veterinary training at Cornell University, Angell Animal Medical Center (Boston), and University of Pennsylvania. L E ah a . Coh N Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine), is a professor of veterinary medicine at University of Missouri in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Cohn earned her DVM from University of Tennessee, and completed her residency and PhD at North Carolina State University. Her clinical interests are diverse, but she especially enjoys treating pets with infectious disease. Dr. Cohn is a recent past president of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Pathophysiology of Parvovirus Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a common and severe pathogen that affects young dogs that are unvaccinated, under-vaccinated, or immunosuppressed. The virus frst emerged in dogs in the mid 1970s and has since mutated into 3 different forms: CPV-2a, CPV- 2b, and, most recently, CPV-2c. a ll 3 forms of CPV are environmentally stable, nonenveloped viruses transmitted via the fecal–oral route. • the virus initially replicates in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues, leading to viremia; rapidly dividing cells of the Gi tract, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow are most affected. • Loss of both intestinal epithelial villous and crypt cells leads to malabsorption and increased intestinal permeability, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and Gi bleeding. • d estruction of bone marrow cells results in neutropenia and, to a lesser degree, thrombocytopenia. • translocation of intestinal bacteria, complicated by neutropenia, often leads to bacteremia, endotoxemia, and sepsis. Without treatment, CPV can be life threatening due to sepsis, severe fuid losses and electrolyte derangements secondary to anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. in order to ensure the best outcome, treatment should be aimed toward symptomatic supportive care, aggressive fuid therapy, antiemetics, antibiotic therapy, and nutritional support. P a t