Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.
Issue link: http://todaysveterinarypractice.epubxp.com/i/715668
tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 | T O day' S Ve T erinary Prac T ice TH e ye LLOW ca T: dia G n OST ic & TH era P e UT ic ST ra T e G ie S Peer r eviewed 49 regenerative immune-mediated anaemia: Features and outcome in 15 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 26:1-6. 20. Bacek l M, Macintire DK. Treatment of primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with mycophenolate mofetil in two cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2011; 21:45-49. 21. Hartmann K. Feline leukemia virus infection. In Greene CE. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2006, p 124. 22. Otte CM, Penning l C, r othuizen J, Favier r P. r etrospective comparison of prednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of feline lymphocytic cholangitis. Vet J 2013; 195(2):205-209. 23. Weingart C, Tasker S, Kohn B. Infection with haemoplasma species in 22 cats with anaemia. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18(2):129-136. 24. Sherrill MK, Cohn l A. Cytauxzoonosis: Diagnosis and treatment of an emerging disease. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17(11):940-948. 25. Bacek l M, Macintire DK. Treatment of primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with mycophenolate mofetil in two cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2011; 21(1):45-49. 26. Kohn B, Fumi C. Clinical course of pyruvate kinase deficiency in Abyssinian and Somali cats. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10(2):145-153. 27. Tritschler C, Mizukami K, r aj K, Giger U. Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility in anemic domestic shorthair and purebred cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18(6):462-470. 28. Silvestre-Ferreira AC, Pastor J. Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis and the importance of feline blood types. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010:1-8. 29. Tocci l J. Transfusion medicine in small animal practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40(30):485-494. 30. Justin r B, Hohenhaus AE. Hypophosphatemia associated with enteral alimentation in cats. J Vet Intern Med 1995; 9(4):228-233. 31. Adams l G, Hardy r M, Weiss DJ, Bartges JW. Hypophosphatemia and hemolytic anemia associated with diabetes mellitus and hepatic lipidosis in cats. J Vet Intern Med 1993; 7(5):266-271. 32. Estrin MA, Wehausen CE, Jessen C r , l ee JA. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20(6):1334- 1339. 33. Armstrong PJ, Blanchard G. Hepatic lipidosis in cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39(3):599-616. 34. Center SA. Feline hepatic lipidosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2005; 35(1):225-269. 35. Brain PH, Barrs V r , Martin P, et al. Feline cholecystitis and acute neutrophilic cholangitis: Clinical findings, bacterial isolates and response to treatment in six cases. J Feline Med Surg 2006; 8(2):91-103. 36. Callahan Clark JE, Haddad J l , Brown DC, et al. Feline cholangitis: A necropsy study of 44 cats (1986-2008). J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13(8):570-576. 37. Pedersen NC. An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Diagnostics and therapeutics. Vet J 2014; 201(2):133-141. 38. Pennisi MG, Egberink H, Hartmann K, et al. Francisella tularensis infection in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15(7):585-587. 39. Weingarten MA, Sande AA. Acute liver failure in dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2015; 25(4):455-473. 40. Park FM. Successful treatment of hepatic failure secondary to diazepam administration in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14(2):158-160. 41. Beatty JA, Barrs V r , Martin PA, et al. Spontaneous hepatic rupture in six cats with systemic amyloidosis. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43(8):355-363. 42. Cooper J, Webster C rl . Acute liver failure. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 2006; 28(7):498-515. 43. Center SA. Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39(3):543-598. 44. Eich CS, l udwig ll . The surgical treatment of cholelithiasis in cats: a study of nine cases. JAAHA 2002; 38(3):290-296. 45. Mayhew PD, Holt DE, Mc l ear r C, Washabau r J. Pathogenesis and outcome of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in cats. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43(6):247-253. 46. Simpson KW. Pancreatitis and triaditis in cats: Causes and treatment. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56(1):40-49. 47. Haney D r , Christiansen JS, Toll J. Severe cholestatic liver disease secondary to liver fluke (Platynosomum concinnum) infection in three cats. JAAHA 2006; 42(3):234-237. Color Coding 0n Dog Chewables Ivermectin Pyrantel Foil Backing Weight Per Month Content Content and Carton Weight Per Month Content Content and Carton Up to 25 lb 1 68 mcg 57 mg Blue 26 to 50 lb 1 136 mcg 114 mg Green 51 to 100 lb 1 272 mcg 227 mg Brown chewables ®HEARTGARD and the Dog & Hand logo are registered trademarks of Merial. ©2015 Merial, Inc., Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. HGD15PRETESTTRADEADS (01/16). CAUTION: Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. INDICATIONS: For use in dogs to prevent canine heartworm disease by eliminating the tissue stage of heartworm larvae (Dirofilaria immitis) for a month (30 days) after infection and for the treatment and control of ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma braziliense). DOSAGE: HEARTGARD ® Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel) should be administered orally at monthly intervals at the recommended minimum dose level of 6 mcg of ivermectin per kilogram (2.72 mcg/lb) and 5 mg of pyrantel (as pamoate salt) per kg (2.27 mg/lb) of body weight. The recommended dosing schedule for prevention of canine heartworm disease and for the treatment and control of ascarids and hookworms is as follows: HEARTGARD Plus is recommended for dogs 6 weeks of age and older. For dogs over 100 lb use the appropriate combination of these chewables. ADMINISTRATION: Remove only one chewable at a time from the foil-backed blister card. Return the card with the remaining chewables to its box to protect the product from light. Because most dogs find HEARTGARD Plus palatable, the product can be offered to the dog by hand. Alternatively, it may be added intact to a small amount of dog food. The chewable should be administered in a manner that encourages the dog to chew, rather than to swallow without chewing. Chewables may be broken into pieces and fed to dogs that normally swallow treats whole. Care should be taken that the dog consumes the complete dose, and treated animals should be observed for a few minutes after administration to ensure that part of the dose is not lost or rejected. If it is suspected that any of the dose has been lost, redosing is recommended. HEARTGARD Plus should be given at monthly intervals during the period of the year when mosquitoes (vectors), potentially carrying infective heartworm larvae, are active. The initial dose must be given within a month (30 days) after the dog's first exposure to mosquitoes. The final dose must be given within a month (30 days) after the dog's last exposure to mosquitoes. When replacing another heartworm preventive product in a heartworm disease preventive program, the first dose of HEARTGARD Plus must be given within a month (30 days) of the last dose of the former medication. If the interval between doses exceeds a month (30 days), the efficacy of ivermectin can be reduced. Therefore, for optimal performance, the chewable must be given once a month on or about the same day of the month. If treatment is delayed, whether by a few days or many, immediate treatment with HEARTGARD Plus and resumption of the recommended dosing regimen will minimize the opportunity for the development of adult heartworms. Monthly treatment with HEARTGARD Plus also provides effective treatment and control of ascarids (T. canis, T. leonina) and hookworms (A. caninum, U. stenocephala, A. braziliense). Clients should be advised of measures to be taken to prevent reinfection with intestinal parasites. EFFICACY: HEARTGARD Plus Chewables, given orally using the recommended dose and regimen, are effective against the tissue larval stage of D.immitis for a month (30 days) after infection and, as a result, prevent the development of the adult stage. HEARTGARD Plus Chewables are also effective against canine ascarids (T. canis, T. leonina) and hookworms (A. caninum, U. stenocephala, A. braziliense). ACCEPTABILITY: In acceptability and field trials, HEARTGARD Plus was shown to be an acceptable oral dosage form that was consumed at first offering by the majority of dogs. PRECAUTIONS: All dogs should be tested for existing heartworm infection before starting treatment with HEARTGARD Plus which is not effective against adult D. immitis. Infected dogs must be treated to remove adult heartworms and microfilariae before initiating a program with HEARTGARD Plus. While some microfilariae may be killed by the ivermectin in HEARTGARD Plus at the recommended dose level, HEARTGARD Plus is not effective for microfilariae clearance. A mild hypersensitivity-type reaction, presumably due to dead or dying microfilariae and particularly involving a transient diarrhea, has been observed in clinical trials with ivermectin alone after treatment of some dogs that have circulating microfilariae. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. In case of ingestion by humans, clients should be advised to contact a physician immediately. Physicians may contact a Poison Control Center for advice concerning cases of ingestion by humans. Store between 68°F - 77°F (20°C - 25°C). Excursions between 59°F - 86°F (15°C - 30°C) are permitted. Protect product from light. ADVERSE REACTIONS: In clinical field trials with HEARTGARD Plus, vomiting or diarrhea within 24 hours of dosing was rarely observed (1.1% of administered doses). The following adverse reactions have been reported following the use of HEARTGARD: Depression/lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, mydriasis, ataxia, staggering, convulsions and hypersalivation. SAFETY: HEARTGARD Plus has been shown to be bioequivalent to HEARTGARD, with respect to the bioavailability of ivermectin. The dose regimens of HEARTGARD Plus and HEARTGARD are the same with regard to ivermectin (6 mcg/kg). Studies with ivermectin indicate that certain dogs of the Collie breed are more sensitive to the effects of ivermectin administered at elevated dose levels (more than 16 times the target use level) than dogs of other breeds. At elevated doses, sensitive dogs showed adverse reactions which included mydriasis, depression, ataxia, tremors, drooling, paresis, recumbency, excitability, stupor, coma and death. HEARTGARD demonstrated no signs of toxicity at 10 times the recommended dose (60 mcg/kg) in sensitive Collies. Results of these trials and bioequivalency studies, support the safety of HEARTGARD products in dogs, including Collies, when used as recommended. HEARTGARD Plus has shown a wide margin of safety at the recommended dose level in dogs, including pregnant or breeding bitches, stud dogs and puppies aged 6 or more weeks. In clinical trials, many commonly used flea collars, dips, shampoos, anthelmintics, antibiotics, vaccines and steroid preparations have been administered with HEARTGARD Plus in a heartworm disease prevention program. In one trial, where some pups had parvovirus, there was a marginal reduction in efficacy against intestinal nematodes, possibly due to a change in intestinal transit time. HOW SUPPLIED: HEARTGARD Plus is available in three dosage strengths (See DOSAGE section) for dogs of different weights. Each strength comes in convenient cartons of 6 and 12 chewables. For customer service, please contact Merial at 1-888-637-4251. tvpjournal.com | September/October 2016 49 THE YE ll OW CAT