Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.
Issue link: http://todaysveterinarypractice.epubxp.com/i/75883
IMAGING ESSENTIALS | A Measuring the Elbow & Antebrachium for Radiographic Technique Craniocaudal Projection: Measure the thickness at the level of the humeral condyle in the cranial to caudal direction. Mediolateral Projection: Measure the thickness at the level of the humeral condyle for the elbow and antebrachium. Figure 3. (A) Dog positioned for a medio- lateral radiograph of the antebrachium. (B) Radiograph of an antebrachium with no abnormalities. 1 = distal diaphysis of the humerus; 2 = anconeal process of the ulna superimposed over the medial epicondyle of the humerus; 3 = tuber olecranon; 4 = radial head and proximal epiphysis; 5 = medial coronoid process of the ulna super- imposed over the radial head; 6 = proximal diaphysis of the radius; 7= proximal diaphy- sis of the ulna; 8 = distal radial epiphysis; 9 = lateral styloid process of the distal ulna; 10 = accessory carpal bone; 11 = superim- posed metacarpal bones II, III, and IV B Craniocaudal Projection oÀÊÌhiÊoÀÌho}on>lÊÛiiÜ]ÊÌhiÊ>nÌiLÀ>VhiÕmÊ iÃÊim>}i`ÊinÊ>ÊVÀ>nioV>Õ`>lÊ`iÀiVÌion]ÊÜhiVhÊ Ài`ÕViÃÊm>}niviV>ÌionÊ>n`Ê`iÃÌoÀÌion°Ê /hiÊ >LiliÌÞÊ ovÊ ÌhiÊ Ý-À>ÞÊ m>VhiniÊ ÌoÊ «iÀvoÀmÊhoÀiâonÌ>lÊLi>mÃÊ>n`Êm>ni«Õl>ÌiÊ >n}Õl>ÌionÊovÊÌhiÊÌÕLiÊÜillÊ`iÌiÀminiÊhoÜÊ ÌhiÊ VÀ>nioV>Õ`>lÊ «ÀojiVÌionÊ iÃÊ >VhiiÛi`°Ê /hiÊÝ-À>ÞÊÌÕLiÊV>nÊLiÊ«oÃiÌioni`ÊinÊ>\Ê UÊVertical location: 8-À>ÞÊ Li>mÊ «iÀ«in- dicular to the table; patient positioned in sternal recumbency or UÊ/hiÊhÕmiÀ>lÊ Von`ÞliÉi«iVon`ÞliÃÊ ÃhoÕl`ÊLiÊ >ÌÊ ÌhiÊ VinÌiÀÊovÊÌhiÊVollim>ÌionÊLi>m° nÊ >lÌiÀn>ÌiÛiÊ ÌiVhniµÕiÊ «oÃiÌionÃÊ ÌhiÊ «>ÌiinÌÊ inÊ l>ÌiÀ>lÊÀiVÕmLinVÞ]ÊÜiÌhÊÌhiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊilLoÜÊ>Ü>ÞÊvÀomÊ ÌhiÊÌ>Lli°Ê UÊ/hiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊiÃÊ«l>Vi`ÊonÊëon}iÃ]Ê>li}nin}Ê ÌhiÊV>À«ÕÃ]Ê>nÌiLÀ>VhiÕm]ÊilLoÜ]Ê>n`ÊÃhoÕl`iÀÊ joinÌÊ«>À>llilÊÌoÊÌhiÊÌ>Lli°Ê UÊ/hiÊ V>ÃÃiÌÌiÉ`iÌiVÌoÀÊ iÃÊ ÌhinÊ «l>Vi`Ê V>Õ`>lÊ ÌoÊ ÌhiÊlimLÊ>n`ÊÃiVÕÀi`ÊÕÃin}Ê«oÃiÌionin}ÊÌ>«iÊ>n`Ê Ã>n`L>}ð UÊ oÀÊÌhiÃÊÌiVhniµÕi]ÊÌhiÊÝ-À>ÞÊÌÕLiÊhi>`ÊiÃÊÀoÌ>Ìi`Ê 9äÊ`i}ÀiiÃÊÌoÜ>À`ÊÌhiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊÝ-À>ÞÊÌÀ>ÛilÊ iÃÊnoÜÊ«>À>llilÊÌoÊÌhiÊÌ>Lli]ÊnoÌÊ«iÀ«in`iVÕl>À®°Ê /hiÊLi>mÊiÃÊVinÌiÀi`ÊonÊÌhiÊhÕmiÀ>lÊVon`ÞliÉ i«iVon`ÞliðÊÊÊ ROUTINE VIEWS: ANTEBRACHIUM Mediolateral Projection oÀÊ>Êl>ÌiÀ>lÊim>}i]ÊÌhiÊ«>ÌiinÌÊiÃÊ«oÃiÌioni`ÊonÊÌhiÊ Ì>LliÊinÊl>ÌiÀ>lÊÀiVÕmLinVÞ]ÊÜiÌhÊÌhiÊ>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊ >}>inÃÌÊÌhiÊÌ>LliÊFigure 3®° UÊ/hiÊÌhoÀ>ViVÊlimLÃÊÃhoÕl`ÊLiÊÌ>«i`ÊÃi«>À>ÌilÞÊ ÜiÌhÊ ÌhiÊ >vviVÌi`Ê limLÊ «Õlli`Ê VÀ>ni>llÞÊ >n`Ê >Ü>ÞÊvÀomÊÌhiÊÌhoÀ>ViVÊV>ÛiÌÞÊinÊ>ÊniÕÌÀ>lÊ«oÃi- ÌionÊ ilLoÜÊ >ÌÊ >««ÀoÝim>ÌilÞÊ £ääÊ `i}ÀiiÃÊ ovÊ vliÝion®° UÊ/hiÊÕn>vviVÌi`ÊlimLÊiÃÊ«Õlli`ÊV>Õ`>llÞÊÃoÊÌh>ÌÊiÌÊ liiÃÊ>lon}ÊÌhiÊÌhoÀ>ViVÊV>ÛiÌÞ° UÊ/hiÊ Vollim>ÌoÀÊ Li>mÊ iÃÊ VinÌiÀi`Ê h>lvÜ>ÞÊ LiÌÜiinÊÌhiÊilLoÜÊ>n`ÊV>À«>lÊjoinÌÃ°Ê Figure 4. (A) Dog positioned in sternal recumbency for a caudocranial radiograph of the antebrachium. (B) Radiograph of an antebrachium with no abnormalities. 1 = distal diaphysis of the humerus; 2 = lateral epicondyle of the humerus; 3 = olecranon of the ulna superimposed over the supra- condylar foramen of the distal humerus; 4 = medial epicondyle of the humerus; 5 = radial head; 6 = medial coronoid process of the ulna; 7 = mid diaphysis of the ulna; 8 = mid diaphysis of the radius; 9 = lateral styloid process of the ulna; 10 = interme- dioradial carpal bone July/August 2012 Today's Veterinary Practice 47 UÊHorizontal location: 8-À>ÞÊ Li>mÊ «>À- allel to the table; patient positioned in lateral recumbency°ÊÊÊ /hiÀiÊ iÃÊ >Ê ÌÀ>`iovvÊ LiÌÜiinÊ ÌhiÃiÊ ÌÜoÊ ÌiVhniµÕiÃ\Ê/hiÊi>ÃiiÃÌÊÌiVhniµÕiÊvoÀÊÕÃiÊinÊ LoÌhÊÌhiÊ`o}Ê>n`ÊV>ÌÊ iÃÊÃÌiÀn>lÊÀiVÕmLinVÞÊ«oÃiÌion- in}]ÊÜhiVhÊ«ÕllÃÊ ÌhiÊ >vviVÌi`Ê ÌhoÀ>ViVÊ limLÊ VÀ>ni>llÞ°Ê oÜiÛiÀ]ÊÌhiÊ«>ÌiinÌÊm>ÞÊl>ÞÊmoÀiÊÃÌillÊinÊl>ÌiÀ>lÊÀiVÕm- LinVÞ°Ê oÌhÊÌiVhniµÕiÃÊ«Ào`ÕViÊhi}hʵÕ>liÌÞÊim>}ið A B Small Animal Elbow & Antebrachium Radiography