Today's Veterinary Practice

JUL-AUG 2012

Today's Veterinary Practice provides comprehensive information to keep every small animal practitioner up to date on companion animal medicine and surgery as well as practice building and management.

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PRACTICAL DENTISTRY | by local excision with small margins. Depending on the text, recommendations vary from 0.5 to 1 cm.6 References These tumors have a 90% control rate with radiation therapy and some reports cite that local chemotherapy may also be effective.6,10 Malignant Masses Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Fibrosarcoma In cats, aggressive surgery (en bloc, with 1- to 2-cm surgical margins) is required for definitive treatment.4,5 ,>`i>ÌionÊÌhiÀ>«ÞÊm>ÞÊhil«ÊÜiÌhÊ«>in]ÊLÕÌÊh>ÃÊnoÌÊLiinÊ shown to increase survival times significantly. In dogs, recommended therapy is similar to therapy for cats; however, in the dog these tumors respond better to radiation therapy (up to one year survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma).11 Melanoma In dogs, optimum treatment incorporates a combination of aggressive surgery with 2-cm margins, radiation ther- apy, and chemotherapy. Despite combining all of these treatment methods, survival is generally less than a year. However, a vaccine has been recently released that shows promise as an adjunct therapy for this tumor.12,13,14 Cysts Cyst treatment requires surgery due to the potential for pathologic fracture. In addition, cysts can become infected, creating significant swelling, pain, and/or malignancy.15 If cyst formation has occurred, en bloc removal or extraction of the tooth and meticulous curettage of the lining can prove curative. WHEN TO REFER Simple excision of benign masses can be performed by the general practitioner. However, aggressive masses should be referred to a veterinary dentist, surgeon, or oncologist for definitive therapy. Three-view chest radiographs and a complete blood panel should be obtained prior to referral. ■ Furthering Your Knowledge: Oral Neoplasia For additional information on oral neoplasia, spe- cifically staging, treatment, and prognosis, refer to the following resources: Suggested Reading Niemiec BA. Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. London: Manson, 2010. Verstraete FJ, Lomner MJ. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats, 1st ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2012. Kudnig ST, Seguin B. Veterinary Surgical Oncology. Ames, IA: Wiley Blackwell, 2012. Client Education Resources: r BWED PSH PSBMUVNPST IUNM r EPHCFBDIEFOUJTUSZ DPN WJEFPT QPTUFST CPPLT 1. Taney KG, Smith MM. Problems with the bones, muscles and joints. In Niemiec BA (ed): Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. London: Manson, 2010, pp 189-223. 2. Wiggs RB, Lobprise HB. Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Raven, 2007. 3. Dhaliwal RS. Malignant oral neoplasia. In Niemiec BA (ed): Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. London: Manson, 2010, pp 225-235. 4. Lascelles BD, Thomson MJ, Dernell WS, et al. Combined dorsolateral and intraoral approach for the resection of tumors of the maxilla in the dog. JAAHA 2003; 39:294-305. 5. Felizzola CR, Stopiglia AJ, de Araujo VC, de Araujo NS. Evaluation of a modified hemimandibulectomy for treatment of oral neoplasms in dogs. J Vet Dent 2002; 19:127-135. 6. Debowes LJ. Problems with the gingiva. In Niemiec BA (ed): Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. London: Manson, 2010, pp 159-181. 7. Ramos-Vara JA, Beissenherz ME, Miller MA, et al. Retrospective study of 338 canine oral melanomas with clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical review of 129 cases. Vet Pathol 37:597-608, 2000. 8. Niemiec BA. Veterinary dental radiology. In Niemiec BA (ed): Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Color Handbook. London: Manson, 2010, pp 63-77. 9. Verstraete Frank JM. Oral pathology. In Slatter D (ed): Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003, pp 2648-2649. 10. Kelly JM, Belding BA, Schaefer AK. Acanthomatous ameloblastoma in dogs treated with intralesional bleomycin. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 8(2):81-86. 11. Kinzel S, Hein S. Stopinski T, et al. Hypofractionated radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in dogs and cats. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 2003; 116:134-138. 12. Bergman PJ. Anticancer vaccines. Vet Clin N Am Sm Anim Pract 2007; 37:1111-1119. 13. Bergman PJ, McKnight J, Novosad A, et al. Long-term survival of dogs with advanced malignant melanoma after DNA vaccination with xenogenic human tyrosinase: A phase I trial. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:1284-1290. 14. Grosenbaugh DA, Leard AT, Bergman PJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72(12):1631-1638. 15. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2002, p 609. Brook A. Niemiec, DVM, FAVD, Diplomate AVDC, is chief of staff of Southern California Veterinary Dental Specialties, with offices in San Diego and Murrieta, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada. He has authored many articles and chapters, including the recently published Small Animal Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Disease: A Colour Handbook (Manson Publishing). Dr. Niemiec founded the veterinary dental telemedicine website vetdentalrad.com, which also offers instructional videos and educational posters. He lectures extensively at national and international conferences and is the coordinator and instructor of the San Diego Veterinary Dental Training Center (vetdentaltraining.com). Dr. Niemiec received his DVM from University of California–Davis. July/August 2012 Today's Veterinary Practice 57 Introduction to Oral Neoplasia in the Dog & Cat

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