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] '&-*/& 3)*/*5*4 611&3 3&41*3"503: %*4&"4& 2. Burns RE, Wagner DC, Leutenegger CM, et al. Histologic and molecular correlation in shelter cats with acute upper respiratory infection. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2454-2460. 3. Helps CR, Lait P, Damhuis A, et al. Factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats: Experience from 218 European catteries. Vet Rec 2005; 156:669-673. 4. Scherk M. Snots and snuffles: Rational approach to chronic feline upper respiratory syndromes. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:548-557. 5. Thiry E, Addie D, Belak S, et al. Feline herpesvirus infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:547-555. 6. Radford AD, Addie D, Belak S, et al. Feline calicivirus infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:556-564. 7. Ali A, Daniels JB, Zhang Y, et al. Pandemic and seasonal human influenza virus infections in domestic cats: Prevalence, association with respiratory disease, and seasonality patterns. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4101-4105. 8. Campagnolo ER, Rankin JT, Daverio SA, et al. Fatal pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus infection in a Pennsylvania domestic cat. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:500-507. 9. Fiorentini L, Taddei R, Moreno A, et al. Influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak in a cat colony in Italy. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:573-581. 10. Lohr CV, DeBess EE, Baker RJ, et al. Pathology and viral antigen distribution of lethal pneumonia in domestic cats due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus. Vet Pathol 2011; 47:378-386. Claire R. Sharp, BSc, BVMS (Hons), MS, CMAVA, Diplomate ACVECC, is an assistant professor and spe- cialist in small animal emer- gency medicine and criti- cal care at Tufts University Cummings School of Veteri- nary Medicine. Dr. Sharp is also the Director for the Problem-Based Learning course for first- and second-year veterinary stu- dents and is heavily involved in the clinical instruc- tion and mentoring of critical care residents and interns. Her primary clinical interests include the diagnosis and management of systemic inflam- matory response syndrome, sepsis, shock, poly- trauma, and respiratory distress. Dr. Sharp's research endeavors have involved identifying clini- cally relevant biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostication of emergency room diseases, such as sepsis, feline asthma, and hemangiosarcoma. (Heartworm Hotline continued from page 43) References 1. McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer L, et al. Heartworm and Wolbachia: Therapeutic implications. Vet Parasitol 2008; 158:204-214. 2. Rossi MI, Pavia J, Mendes-de-Almeida, et al. Effects of doxycycline on the endosymbiont Wolbachia in Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)— naturally infected dogs. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:119-123. 3. 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Oral supplementation with L-lysine did not prevent upper respiratory infection in a shelter population of cats. J Feline Med Surg 2008; 10:510-513. 27. Maggs DJ, Sykes JE, Clarke HE, et al. Effects of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic upper respiratory disease. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:97-108. 28. Boswood A, Lamb CR, Brockman DJ, et al. Balloon dilatation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2003; 44:53-55. 29. Glaus TM, Gerber B, Tomsa K, et al. Reproducible and long-lasting success of balloon dilation of nasopharyngeal stenosis in cats. Vet Rec 2005; 157:257-259. 30. Berent AC, Weisse C, Todd K, et al. Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent for treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in dogs and cats: six cases (2005-2007). JAVMA 2008; 233:1432-1440. 31. Gould D. Feline herpesvirus-1: Ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:333-34. small animal parasites: biology and control. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39:1127-1158. 5. Grandi G, Quintavalla C, Mavropoulou A, et al. A combination of doxycycline and ivermectin is adulticidal in dogs with naturally acquired heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis). Vet Parasitol 2010; 169:347-351. 6. Kramer L, Grandi G, Passeri B, et al. Evaluation of lung pathology in dogs treated with doxycycline or a combination of doxycycline and ivermectin before administration of melarsomine dihydrochloride (Immiticide). Vet Parasitol 2008; 158:191-195. 7. McCall JW, Kramer L, Genchi C, et al. Effects of doxycycline on early infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:361- 367. 8. Guidelines of the American Heartworm Society, 2012; heartwormsociety.org.